Certain health problems can affect the vulva (the outer part of the female genital area). Some problems are minor. Others are more serious. Finding and treating changes early can help prevent more serious problems. You can help find problems by doing a vulvar self-exam.
The earlier you seek treatment, the better your chances of treating the problem with success.

The Vulva

The outside of the female genital area is called the vulva. The fleshy part of this area that lies directly over the pubic bone is called the mons veneris. The outer lips of the vulva are called the labia majora. The inner lips are called the labia minora. The clitoris is at the top of the inner lips. For most women, the clitoris is a center of sexual pleasure. It is partly covered by a fold of tissue called the hood. The perineum is the area between the anus and vagina. The vestibule is found within the inner lips. The vagina and the urethra open into the vestibule. Just inside the vestibule are the openings to the glands that make lubrication.

How to Find Vulvar Problems

Just as you would examine your breasts or skin for changes, you should examine your vulva. A good way to screen for vulvar problems is to do a vulvar self-exam once a month (see box).

Why Should I Do a Self-Exam?

The vulvar self-exam will help you to be aware of any changes that could signal a problem. This exam is even more vital if you have ever had a vulvar problem. Some changes in the vulva may be an early sign of cancer.

What Am I Looking For?

When you examine your vulva, you should look for:

• Redness
• Swelling
• Dark or light spots
• Blisters
• Bumps
• Any other changes

Tell your doctor if you see any changes or have symptoms that do not go away. Symptoms include: 

• Itching
• Bleeding
• Discomfort
• Burning

If a problem does occur, you are more likely to find it at an early stage if you check yourself on a regular basis.

Learn more about disorders of the vulva.